Abstract
Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze belongs to Lamiaceae, is used against inflammation and gastric dysfunctions. Tilldate there are no reports on toxicological evaluation of A. indica leaf flavonoids. In the present study, in vivo and in vitro toxicity evaluation of A. indica leaf flavonoid fraction was carried out to assess its safety. Acute toxicity results in mice suggest that, LFF is non-toxic, as the treated animals survived beyond 14-day observation period and with no mortality and toxic signs or symptoms. Subacute oral toxicity study was carried out for 28 days in Swiss albino mice both sexes. Data revealed no statistically significant dose-related effects on food consumption, body weight gain, clinical signs in LFF treated animals. Urine analysis, hematological parameters, serum biochemical examination and histopathology revealed no adverse effects even at 1000 mg/kg body weight/day. In vitro chromosome aberration assay in human lymphocytes revealed no clastogenic effect at 24 h and 48 h LFF treatments. Cytotoxicity results against human cancer cell lines KB, HepG2, HT-29 and HEK-293 suggests, LFF is cytotoxic to four human cancer cell lines with IC50 values 36.57, 40.0, 48.6, 68.58 μg/mL respectively. In conclusion A. indica LFF appears to be safe for oral administration in humans, may be used in traditional medicine.
Highlights
Custom practiced medicines have a very tedious record, and are the whole of practices founded on speculative thought, trusts and practical acquaintance with facts
Animals treated with Leaf Flavonoid Fraction (LFF) (5, 50, 300, 2000 mg/kg b.w.) were remained alive, showed normal appearance and no death was recorded during 14 days of observation
To optimize the safe use of a plant-based medicine, one should take into account the historical applications on animals and humans, as well as perform a toxicity evaluation of the medicinal herbs and their bioactive components [33]
Summary
Custom practiced medicines have a very tedious record, and are the whole of practices founded on speculative thought, trusts and practical acquaintance with facts. They are being used in keeping up of health, such as in the hindering, identification of disease, improvement and treatment of illnesses. It has been established that, poisonous side effects combined quite with diverse beneficial herbs [6,7,8] These features need to consider among the visible effects of absolute examinations carried out for the toxicity assessment of these folk medicines and herbal recipes
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