Abstract
BackgroundIndiscriminate use of synthetic acaricides in the management of veterinary parasites has led to environmental pollution, acaricidal resistance and their residues in the animal products. These problems are directly demanded an alternative acaricidal source for the ticks control and that should be cost-effective, eco-friendly and target specific. The current study demonstrated the acaricidal effects of Capsicum frutescens (fruits) against the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. In adult immersion test, the effects of the treatment on engorged females were assessed by measuring egg mass production, estimated reproductive factor, and % inhibition of reproduction.ResultsMethanol extract was observed the most effective against adults with LC50 617.54 ppm and LC90 1040.41 ppm. The other target extracts (petroleum ether and hexane) were less effective to the engorged females of R. microplus. Chemical analysis of the potent extract was elucidated by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry analysis and Cis-13-octadecenoic acid was observed as main compound (43.54%). The simultaneous evaluation of the qualitative chemical screening of the methanol extract showed the presence of tannins, saponins, carbohydrates, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids.ConclusionThe study concludes that the methanol extract of C. frutescens fruits revealed the significant acaricidal properties and may be used as safe alternative for tick management.
Highlights
Indiscriminate use of synthetic acaricides in the management of veterinary parasites has led to environmental pollution, acaricidal resistance and their residues in the animal products
Capsicum frutescens L., the green chilli (Fig. 1) is a small shrub of the family Solanaceae usually used for culinary purposes and exhibited traditional medicine activities against viruses and bacteria and is widely cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical countries (Ling et al, 2012)
Adulticidal bioefficacy shows that the methanol extract was the most effective among the tested extracts with
Summary
Indiscriminate use of synthetic acaricides in the management of veterinary parasites has led to environmental pollution, acaricidal resistance and their residues in the animal products These problems are directly demanded an alternative acaricidal source for the ticks control and that should be cost-effective, eco-friendly and target specific. The current study demonstrated the acaricidal effects of Capsicum frutescens (fruits) against the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Botanical pesticides are becoming a simple and sustainable method of vector control (Amer & Mehlhorn, 2006) These phytochemicals consist of mixture of substances derived from the different plant sources and can play an important role as larvicides, repellents, growth regulators and interrupt the transmission of diseases to their possible hosts (Bagavan et al, 2009; Mathew et al, 2009). Taking into the deliberation of chemical acaricides as therapeutic agents, the present study was undertaken with aim to evaluate the potential of C. frutescens fruits for control of tick infestation against Rhipicephalus microplus
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