Toxicity Effects of Selected Heavy Metals on Lactuca sativa and Hydra viridissima used for Sustainable Crop Production

Lina Maria Caceres Diaz,Gideon Oron,Claudia Campos

doi:10.5296/emsd.v7i3.13446

Abstract

This study examines the prospects for using Hydra viridissima toxicity test 96-h LC50, served as a model invertebrate, Lactuca sativa L. was applied for seeds toxicity test (120-h IC50) and a model plant for an acute toxicity assessment of heavy metals content in water. The heavy metals used to assess the acute toxicity of the water utilized for agricultural irrigation in arid regions includes cadmium (CdCl2.2H2O), chromium (K2Cr2O7), zinc (ZnSO4. 7H2O), and boron (H3BO3). A grading of the substances was conducted, and it was found that the toxicity levels for H. viridissima and L. sativa were, with the least harmful first: B < Cr < Zn < Cd and Zn < B < Cr < Cd, respectively. Results indicate that H. viridissima was a more sensitive indicator of toxicity for all of the evaluated substances. However, L. sativa could also be used successfully to rank toxicants in order of their potential hazards.

Highlights

Reuse of treated wastewater is a common and rapidly increasing practice, mainly in arid and semi-arid regions around the world
This study examines the prospects for using Hydra viridissima toxicity test 96-h LC50, served as a model invertebrate, Lactuca sativa L. was applied for seeds toxicity test (120-h IC50) and a model plant for an acute toxicity assessment of heavy metals content in water
A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine differences between the mean values of the 96-h LC50 (H. viridissima) or 120-h IC50 (L. sativa) of the four toxic compounds evaluated for each organism (Statistica 6.0 software)

Summary

Introduction

Reuse of treated wastewater is a common and rapidly increasing practice, mainly in arid and semi-arid regions around the world. Heavy metals, including nickel, zinc, cadmium, chromium, copper and cobalt, may accumulate naturally in soil or may originate from industrial and mining processes (Murch et al, 2003; El-Nahhal, 2003; Bigalke et al, 2018). Heavy metals contamination of aquatic ecosystems in Egypt (e.g. lead, cadmium, chromium, zinc, copper, manganese and iron) has been receiving increased worldwide attention (Khan et al, 2013; Taghizadeh et al, 2017; Bigalke et al, 2018). Lead causes renal failure and liver damage. Other metals, such as chromium, zinc and copper, cause nephritis, anuria and extensive lesions in the kidney (Mansour and Sidky, 2002)

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