Abstract
Objective: This study was conducted to assess the hair dye toxicity by using hair dye among experimental rats in order to verify the biochemical and haematological abnormalities and liver dysfunction. Methods: Albino Wistar Rats were obtained from the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum– Sudan. The rats were divided into two batches on the basis of using the commercial hair dye as oral or subcutaneous administration respectively; each batch has four groups (control and three test groups) each comprising six rats. Batch-1 (group-2, 3, and 4 orally administered with 10, 20, and 30mg/kg body weight of the commercial hair dye, respectively); and Batch-2 (group-2, 3, and 4 subcutaneously administered with 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg body weight of the commercial hair dye, respectively). Results: The clinical features were shown in all rats batches, administered orally or subcutaneously with the commercial hair dye. These clinical features rates from slight weakness in group 2 to head, neck, and pharyngeal oedema in group-3 up to severe weakness in hinds and fore limbs with election of hair, tremors, shivering of the whole body and respiratory distress, severe convulsions, and respiratory difficulty prior to death in group-4. The Biochemical parameters showed significant (P<0.05) increase in the activities of the liver enzymes concomitant with the increase of the commercial hair dye dosage in the two batches, and decrease in the total plasma protein levels, albumin, and cholesterol with the increase of commercial hair dye dosage in the two batches. Hematological parameters showed a significant (p value <0.05) decrease in complete blood count (associated with significant decreases in neutrophils and significant increases of lymphocytes) concomitant with the increasing of commercial hair dye concentration. Conclusion: The study highlighted the major toxicity of commercial hair dye and its association with liver dysfunction.
Highlights
Henna is very popular culture in Sudan; it is part of the traditions which used to adorn women’s body during marriage ceremonies and other social celebrations since the Bronze Age
This paper studied the toxicity of hair dye in vivo, to determine the biochemical and haematological abnormalities associated with major toxicity of commercial hair dye and liver dysfunction among experimental animals
Clinical features were shown in all rats administered orally or subcutaneously with the commercial hair dye, the clinical features rate from slight weakness in group 2 to head, neck, and
Summary
Henna is very popular culture in Sudan; it is part of the traditions which used to adorn women’s body during marriage ceremonies and other social celebrations since the Bronze Age. Para-Phenylenediamine (PPD) is an organic compound; its chemical formula is C6H8N2 [3] This derivative of aniline is a white solid, but samples can darken due to air oxidation. It is an ingredient used in Sudan and other countries in combination with henna “lawasonia Alba” for tattooing to give black color in a short time in traditional and during local and social festival. It was found to be toxic and there are some reports from these countries showing its toxicity on different systems of the body The consumers use this product because its price is 20-30 times less expensive than pharmaceutical hair dye preparations [4]
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