Abstract
ABSTRACT Studies were conducted to: (1) evaluate the toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the water accommodated fraction (WAF) and chemically enhanced water accommodated fraction (CEWAF) from Alaska North Slope (ANS), Medium South American (MESA) and Arabian Light (AL) crude oils on life stages of commercially valuable herring and cod; (2) use biomarkers as indicators of exposure and effects; (3) assess environmental, physical, chemical, biological and temporal factors affecting toxicity; and (4) compare data using identical protocols for different oils and dispersants (Corexit 9500 and SPC-1000). Chronic LC50s for Pacific herring embryos were 3 (ANS) and 1.5 (MESA) mg-petroleum-hydrocarbons/L. ANS was 2.5–3 times more toxic than AL to Atlantic herring embryos. The apparent greater toxicity of a medium compared to a light crude might have been due to higher concentration and increased degree of alkyl PAHs with three or more rings, but the difference was not statistically significant. Incr...
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