Toxicity and repellency of essential oils in the management of Sitophilus zeamais

Alice M. N. de Araújo,Douglas R. e S. Barbosa,Daniela M. do A. F. Navarro,José V. de Oliveira,Kamilla de A. Dutra,Solange M. França

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n5p372-377

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study had the following objectives: to identify and quantify the constituent compounds of essential oils from Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt, Eucalyptus globulus Labill., Eucalyptus staigeriana F. Muell. ex F.M. Bailey, Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Ocimum basilicum L., Ocimum gratissimum L., and Piper hispidinervum C. DC., investigate their toxicity and repellency to S. zeamais and evaluate the toxicity of P. hispidinervum to immature S. zeamais. Individual tests for each essential oil were conducted with a completely randomized design with five concentrations for each oil and four replicates. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed the presence of citronellal in C. winterianus, 1,8-cineole in E. globulus, limonene in E. staigeriana, limonene in F. vulgare, linalool in O. basilicum, (E)-anethole in O. gratissimum, and safrole in P. hispidinervum. The median lethal concentration required to kill 50% of the insect (LC50) in contact and ingestion toxicity tests ranged from 5.12 to 78.89 μL 40g-1 corn in P. hispidinervum and C. winterianus, respectively. In adult fumigation tests, the LC50 ranged from 2.1 to 19.4 µL L-1 air, and in immature fumigation tests, the egg stage was susceptible to essential oil, whereas larval and pupal phases were tolerant. All of the oils repelled S. zeamais.

Highlights

Cereal output for 2015 was estimated at a record level of 107 million tons, and corn (Zea mays) accounted for 79% of it (FAO, 2015)
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed the presence of citronellal in C. winterianus, 1,8-cineole in E. globulus, limonene in E. staigeriana, limonene in F. vulgare, linalool in O. basilicum, (E)-anethole in O. gratissimum, and safrole in P. hispidinervum
The P. hispidinervum essential oil was obtained from Embrapa (Acre), those from O. basilicum and E. globulus were obtained from Quinarí Casa das Essências (Ponta Grossa, Paraná State), that from E. staigeriana was obtained from the Departamento de Ciência Florestal- Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ-USP), and those from F. vulgare, C. winterianus, and O. gratissimum were obtained from the Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus Bananeiras

Summary

Introduction

Cereal output for 2015 was estimated at a record level of 107 million tons, and corn (Zea mays) accounted for 79% of it (FAO, 2015). (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is the main pest of stored grains and processed products. This insect has a high biotic potential and a large number of hosts, exhibits cross-infestation, and penetrates grain (Lorini, 2002). A large number of plant substances have physiological and behavioral effects on stored-product pests, and are being used as alternatives to synthetic insecticides (Rajedran & Sriranjini, 2008). Essential oils and extracts from the following plants may be effective in controlling S. zeamais: Citrus bergamia Risso and Poit., Lavandula hybrida Rev. This study had the following objectives: to identify and quantify the constituent compounds of essential oils from Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt, Eucalyptus globulus Labill., Eucalyptus staigeriana F. DC., investigate their toxicity and repellency to S. zeamais, and evaluate the toxicity of P. hispidinervum to immature S. zeamais

Material and Methods

Results and Discussion

Conclusions

Literature Cited