Toxicity and Radical Scavenger Properties of Various Extracts of Sponge Clionidae sp. Kangean Islands

Abstract

Sponge Clionidae sp. is a multicellular animal that has active secondary metabolites that are used for survival. Sponge has cytotoxic, anticancer and antitumor properties and can be used in the pharmaceutical field, but the toxicity and antioxidant levels must be done to determine the uses level. Toxicity levels of sponge Clionidae sp. against Artemia salina L. and the IC50 value of the antioxidant was tested against DPPH radicals. Extraction of sponge Clionidae sp. was carried out with sonication using methanol, n-butanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane as solvents. Then, the crude extract was tested for toxicity levels by the BSLT method and the antioxidant test by the DPPH method. Sponge extracts with ethyl acetate has the highest LC50 at 62.50 ppm and n-butanol has the highest IC50 values of 77.34 ppm. Identification of extract sponge with ethyl acetate was carried out using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, resulting a maximum wavelength at 407.5 nm, ethyl acetate sponge extract showed the presence of O-H stretch groups 3327 cm−1, C-H stretch 2922 cm−1, C=C aromatic 1462 cm−1, and C=O 1711 cm−1 by FT-IR. The dominant compound in ethyl acetate extract that identified in LC-HRMS are chlorhexidine, 1,3,7-octanetriol, tobramycin, stigmatellin Y and maraniol.