Abstract
Background Arecae semen (AS) is officially recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia and it is known for its multiple functions, including antidepressive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cholesterol-lowering effects, which have been confirmed by modern pharmacological study. Previous study in our laboratory showed that long-term oral administration of Arecae semen (AS) is officially recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia and it is known for its multiple functions, including antidepressive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cholesterol-lowering effects, which have been confirmed by modern pharmacological study. Previous study in our laboratory showed that long-term oral administration of Hypothesis. The aim of this work was to characterize the metabolome, evaluate the metabolic changes, and study the mechanisms of the toxicity induced by different treatment doses of ASAE via metabolomics. Methods Wistar rats were administered orally two different doses of ASAE (1500 and 4500 mg/kg/d) for 30 days. The investigation was carried out to evaluate the safety of ASAE. And, the UPLC-HDMS-based serum metabolomics in conjunction with multivariate statistical techniques was applied to investigate the serum metabolite profile and potential markers of toxicity induced by different doses of ASAE. Results Coupled with blood biochemistry and histopathology results, the significant difference in metabolic profiling was observed between 1500 and 4500 mg/kg/d dosages of ASAE-treated rats and normal rats by using pattern recognition analysis, indicating that changes in serum metabolites must have occurred. Some significant changed metabolites such as arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, and LPC (18 : 1) have been found and identified. These biochemical changes in serum metabolites are related to the perturbation of linoleic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and purine metabolism, which may be helpful to further understand the cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity of ASAE. Conclusion The study shows that the metabolomic method may be a valuable tool for studying the essence of toxicity induced by traditional Chinese medicine.
Highlights
Metabolomics is commonly applied to discover potential biomarkers and biological mechanistic information by charactering the metabolic profiling of low-molecular-weight metabolites in biosamples [1]. It offers an alternative method for monitoring the biochemical changes associated with the generation and development of the influences resulting from endogenous and exogenous factors [2]. e change of all metabolites rapidly determined in biological samples, such as serum, plasma, and urine, can reflect the physiological status of the organism systematically. us, metabolomics approach has been enormously used in toxicology research [3, 4], biomedical, as well as nutritional studies
Other researchers had come up with Arecae semen (AS) extracts that were toxic to hepatocytes in mice [35], which were inconsistent with our study. erefore, further researches are still needed to provide more in-depth insight into the hepatotoxicity of AS
No significant abnormal structures in heart sections were observed in the treated groups (Figure 2(c)), which may be due to the morphology changes being less sensitive than the biochemical alterations
Summary
Metabolomics is commonly applied to discover potential biomarkers and biological mechanistic information by charactering the metabolic profiling of low-molecular-weight metabolites in biosamples [1] It offers an alternative method for monitoring the biochemical changes associated with the generation and development of the influences resulting from endogenous and exogenous factors [2]. E aim of this work was to characterize the metabolome, evaluate the metabolic changes, and study the mechanisms of the toxicity induced by different treatment doses of ASAE via metabolomics. The UPLC-HDMS-based serum metabolomics in conjunction with multivariate statistical techniques was applied to investigate the serum metabolite profile and potential markers of toxicity induced by different doses of ASAE. Conclusion. e study shows that the metabolomic method may be a valuable tool for studying the essence of toxicity induced by traditional Chinese medicine
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