Toxicity and Feeding Deterrent Effect of 2-Methylanthraquinone from the Wood Extractives of Tectona grandis on the Subterranean Termites Coptotermes formosanus and Reticulitermes speratus

Maya Ismayati,Hiroshi Ohi,Nadia Kamaluddin,Akiko Nakagawa-Izumi

doi:10.3390/insects7040063

Maya Ismayati, Hiroshi Ohi + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/insects7040063

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Journal: Insects	Publication Date: Nov 8, 2016
Citations: 24	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: University of Tsukuba, Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Abstract

No-choice feeding tests using ethanol, chloroform, and acetone extractives of teak (Tectona grandis) heartwood clearly showed feeding deterrent activity and toxicity to the subterranean termite Reticulitermes speratus. The amount of 2-methylanthraquinone (MAQ) in teak wood extractives was not related to the feeding deterrents or toxicity, as shown by the no-choice feeding tests conducted using crude extractives containing various amounts of MAQ, MAQ alone, and fractions of crude extractives. As a native pest, the subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus was more tolerant to the fractions of crude extractives than Reticulitermes speratus, and the mortality observed in C. formosanus was not due to the presence of MAQ.

Highlights

Preservatives extracted from natural products are important with respect to the effects of their extractives on wood durability
Carbohydrates are readily fragmented into smaller compounds, making difficult to determine origin, but levoglucosan was detected in the it middle to of determine their origin, but levoglucosan was detected in the middle the chromatogram, along with lignin pyrolysis products
For C. formosanus, the tests using MAQ confirmed feeding deterrent effects at 100–200 μg, but not toxicity. These results suggest the amount of MAQ is not directly related to its feeding deterrent effect or toxicity and that C. formosanus is more resistant than R. speratus

Summary

Introduction

Preservatives extracted from natural products are important with respect to the effects of their extractives on wood durability. Teak (Tectona grandis) is a valuable wood with high durability. The naturally occurring anthraquinone, 2-methylanthraquinone (MAQ) found in teak heartwood is often associated with its high durability [1,2]. Teak wood extractives are fundamental in its resistance against termites [1,2,3] and fungi [1,2,4]. There is a good correlation between termite resistance and tree age and extractive contents of teak wood [1]. Teak wood extractives and several fractions obtained from ethyl acetate extraction have strongly deterred

Results

Discussion

Conclusion