Toxicity and effect of whitening toothpastes on enamel surface.

Sigmar De Mello Rode,Samira Esteves Afonso Camargo,Felipe De Souza Matos,Tabata Do Prado Sato,Ayla Macyelle De Oliveira Correia

doi:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0025

Sigmar De Mello Rode, Samira Esteves Afonso Camargo + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0025

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Abstract

This in vitro study evaluated the biocompatibility and abrasivity of whitening and conventional toothpastes. Samples of conventional (non-whitening) - Edel White Infant (EWI) - and whitening toothpastes - Edel White Whitening (EWW), Edel White CAREFORTE (EWC), Colgate Total 12 Ò Professional (C), and Oral-B Whitening (OB) - were dissolved in culture medium (0.2 g sample weight per mL). Human gingival fibroblasts (hGF) were placed in contact with different dilutions of culture media that had been previously exposed to these toothpastes. Cytotoxicity was then assessed using the methyl tetrazolium test (MTT) and the cell survival rate was determined. Genotoxicity was assessed by the micronucleus test (MNT) and the number of micronuclei was determined before and after exposure to the toothpaste solutions. The enamel surface roughness was evaluated in specimens of bovine teeth (n = 10 per group) before and after 10,000 brushing cycles, using the investigated toothpastes. The results were statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and two-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). According to the MTT assay, EWW and OB presented significant cytotoxicity (p < 0.01), but no genotoxic (MNT) effects (p > 0.05). C toothpaste was statistically significantly abrasive to the enamel surface (p < 0.01). The findings of this study may be helpful for individualized selection of commercial toothpastes, as some whitening toothpastes present significant cytotoxicity and conventional toothpaste cause significant surface changes.

Highlights

Tooth discoloration is considered an essential factor that affects the patient’s aesthetic satisfaction.[1]
The Edel White Infant (EWI) original solution (1:1) presented statistical significance compared with Edel White Whitening (EWW), C, and Oral-B Whitening (OB) (p < 0.001)
Edel White CAREFORTE (EWC) resulted in cell viability rates lower than 44% for 1:1 and 1:2 dilutions, with statistical significance compared with EWI, EWW, C, and OB (p < 0.05)

Summary

Introduction

Tooth discoloration is considered an essential factor that affects the patient’s aesthetic satisfaction.[1] The desire for whiter teeth has given rise to a new trend, which is greatly influenced by the representation of white and perfect smiles on the media.[2] the increasing dissatisfaction of individuals with tooth discoloration has led to the higher consumption of tooth whitening products.[3]. Several different methods of tooth whitening exist, each having its mechanisms of action. The toothpastes correspond to the consumers’ expectations. They are more accessible due to the over-the-counter option, which makes them the primary choice for the method of tooth whitening.[4]

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