Abstract
Fullerene is a nanosized carbon structure with potential drug delivery applications. We studied the bioeffects of a water-soluble fullerene derivative, fullerenol, with 10-12 oxygen groups (F10-12); its structure was characterized by IR and XPS spectroscopy. A bioluminescent enzyme system was used to study toxic and antioxidant effects of F10-12 at the enzymatic level. Antioxidant characteristics of F10-12 were revealed in model solutions of organic and inorganic oxidizers. Low-concentration activation of bioluminescence was validated statistically in oxidizer solutions. Toxic and antioxidant characteristics of F10-12 were compared to those of homologous fullerenols with a higher number of oxygen groups:F24-28 and F40-42. No simple dependency was found between the toxic/antioxidant characteristics and the number of oxygen groups on the fullerene’s carbon cage. Lower toxicity and higher antioxidant activity of F24-28 were identified and presumptively attributed to its higher solubility. An active role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the bioeffects of F10-12 was demonstrated. Correlations between toxic/antioxidant characteristics of F10-12 and ROS content were evaluated. Toxic and antioxidant effects were related to the decrease in ROS content in the enzyme solutions. Our results reveal a complexity of ROS effects in the enzymatic assay system.
Highlights
Published: 15 June 2021Fullerenes are carbon nanomaterials known for their unique cage structure
The first goal of our study is to evaluate the antioxidant activity and toxicity of fullerene with 10–12 oxygen groups relative to fullerenols with identical carbon cage structure but higher number of oxygen groups: 24–28 or 40–42
The number of -OH groups was estimated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) using
Summary
Published: 15 June 2021Fullerenes are carbon nanomaterials known for their unique cage structure. The discovery and structural study of fullerene [1,3] pioneered the new field of carbon allotropes: fullerene chemistry. This new field provided various fullerene derivatives [4,5,6] with potential features useful for numerous applications. Fullerenes are prospective candidates for anticancer or antimicrobial therapy, cytoprotection, enzyme inhibition, controlled drug delivery, contrast-based or radioactivity-based diagnostic imaging, radio-protection, photosensitization, and biomimetics. Fullerene properties such as antioxidant or pro-oxidant potential, toxicity, membranotropicity, protein-binding affinity, antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-apoptotic ability are currently under investigation
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