Toxicity analysis of azo Red BS and Methyl Red dye solutions on earthworm (Pheretima phosthuma), micro-organisms, and plants

Abstract

Abstract Azo dyes containing effluent from various textile industries adversely affects water resources, soil fertility, aquatic organisms as well as animals. Pure cultures of bacteria or bacterial consortia have been successfully applied for the biodegradation of toxic dye effluents. In this view, toxicity analysis of Red BS and Methyl Red dyes and their biologically decolorized solutions were studied on earthworm (Pheretima phosthuma), plants, and micro-organisms. Different types of morphological symptoms were observed upon exposure of dye solutions on earthworm. Mortality rate in terms of LD50 value was determined for both the dye solutions. The LD50 of untreated Red BS and Methyl Red dye solution was 120.22 and 218.77 mg l−l, respectively. Alteration in the protein content was observed in various organs, head, clitella, and abdomen of earthworms on exposure of dye solutions and the presence of proteins under stress condition was studied using Sodium dodecyl sulphate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis....