Abstract
The present study attempts to assess the nature of effluents generated from textile bleaching and dyeing units located at Kalikapur area under Maheshtala region, West Bengal, India and to provide a sustainable management of ground water resources through installing CETPs with zero liquid discharge system. Effluent from medium, small and tiny units of this region is estimated at 2000 MLD. Studies with 40 units for 4 years (2012—2016) located in this area exhibited following mean values of different physic-chemical variables: pH (9), Biological Oxygen Demand (610 Mg/L), Chemical Oxygen Demand (1827 Mg/L), Total Dissolved Solids (6411 Mg/L), Total Suspend Solids (927 Mg/L) and toxic metals such as lead Pb (0.43 Mg/L), Chromium (0.031 Mg/L), Zinc (0.74 Mg/L), Nickel (0.07 Mg/L) and Cadmium (0.03 Mg/L). These finding of results surpass the standard allowable limits qualify by FAO (1985) and World Health Organization (2003). The waste water loaded with toxic trace metals is adversely affecting the environmental pollution and anthropomorphic eudemonia and also pollute the quality of both surface and ground water and consequently degraded agricultural and plant yield, vegetable and fruits and causes impairment to aquatic lives. Four to five Common Effluent Treatment Plants are urgently required to install at different areas of the Maheshtala cluster with a capacity of 500 MLD each, so that one in Kalikapur area, to manage sizeable volume of waste water (2000 MLD) and sustainable management of ground water resources in a thickly populated urban area near Calcutta, a principal city of India.
Highlights
The main aim of the study is to assess the nature of waste water generated and to provide a realistic sustainable groundwater management by installing commonElectrodialysis effluent treatment plant with zero liquid discharge system through implementation of membrane based ultra-filtration, reverse osmosis with recourse to recycling of bleaching and dying effluent at Kalikapur, West Bengal, India to save groundwater, environment and human health of a thickly populated area and 15 KM from Calcutta, a premier city of India
While assessing the water quality index (WQI) the results show that the wastewater poses severe potential ecological/health risk during all the seasons being maximum threat (WQI PRM-16) followed by (WQI M-19) and the minimum in post-monsoon (WQI PSM-31)
The value of pH indicates the effluent before treatment is alkaline, substantial chemicals and dyes in solid form available in Total dissolved solids (TDS), and trace metal concentration indicates that the raw effluent is hazardous for ecological systems in the region and required immediate treatment
Summary
Electrodialysis effluent treatment plant with zero liquid discharge system through implementation of membrane based ultra-filtration, reverse osmosis with recourse to recycling of bleaching and dying effluent at Kalikapur, West Bengal, India to save groundwater, environment and human health of a thickly populated area and 15 KM from Calcutta, a premier city of India. The waste water discharged into the nearby canal water is the main source of contamination as most of the units do not treat the waste water due to lack of treatment facilities in their own. The only way left behind is to treat the waste water to a level which can be reused in textile units through recycling. Membrane based treatment of waste water is found suitable in this circumstances to treat the toxic waste water as well as recycling of the treated water to the textile units to save groundwater paucity of the area. The area Maheshtala, Chatta, Kalikapur, Mahishgot lie in South 24 Parganas district of West Bengal (Figures 1 and 2) between 10.450 N latitude to 75.900 E longitude having more than 1400 small and tiny bleaching and dying units as per Economic Survey (2014), Govt. of West Bengal where groundwater table is shrinking day by day as per SWID, Govt. of West Bengal survey
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