Abstract
Benzophenones (BPs) are commonly used in personal care products like sunscreens and are increasingly being released into the environment, raising concerns about their potential ecotoxic effects. BPs as emerging environmental contaminants, little is known about their toxic effects on estuarine organisms. This study firstly investigated the toxic effects of five commonly used BPs on mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain). The crabs were exposed to varying concentrations of BPs for 14 days. The results showed that BPs caused damage to antioxidant systems in crabs. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that BP-3 and BP-1 had a greater impact on the crabs compared to the other BPs. Specifically, BP-1 and BP-3 caused severe damage to organelles and ribosomes. BP affected catalytic activity and hydrolase activity, BP-2 affected phosphoenolpyruate carboxykinase activity, and BP-4 affected tRNA aminoacylation and hydrolase activity. These findings can enhance our understanding of the ecotoxicity of BPs and may help to protect estuarine ecosystems.
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