Abstract
Optic neuropathies constitute a group of conditions with various etiologies and might be caused by different factors; we can distinguish the genetic and acquired causes of optic neuropathies. Even though the symptoms are not highly specific, this condition is primarily characterized by unilateral or bilateral vision loss with worsening color detection. The loss may be acute or gradual depending on the causation. In this article, we included a specification of toxic optic neuropathy (TON) mainly triggered by alcohol abuse and also the usage of other substances, including drugs or methanol, as well as intoxication by metals, organic solvents, or carbon dioxide. Nutritional deficiencies, vitamin absorption disorder, and anemia, which usually appear during excessive alcohol intake, and their effect on the etiology of the optic neuropathy have been likewise discussed.
Highlights
IntroductionHeavy alcohol consumption or binge drinking is known to cause severe health consequences that might even lead to death; light to moderate drinking might decrease the risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality [1,2]
Even though the symptoms are not highly specific, this condition is primarily characterized by unilateral or bilateral vision loss with worsening color detection
Optic neuropathies constitute a group of conditions with several causes, including both genetic (Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy) and acquired
Summary
Heavy alcohol consumption or binge drinking is known to cause severe health consequences that might even lead to death; light to moderate drinking might decrease the risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality [1,2]. It is well established that excessive alcohol consumption leads to serious illnesses, primarily affecting the liver (especially cirrhosis), the digestive tract, and the heart and cardiovascular system (especially arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, hypertension, and atherosclerosis), and causes diseases of the peripheral and central nervous system [16,18,19]. Neoplasms such as oral cavity, pharyngeal, laryngeal, esophageal, liver, colorectal, and female breast cancers are reported to be related to excessive alcohol intake [20].
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