Abstract
BackgroundThe habitual excessive intake of sugar (i.e., sucrose and high-fructose corn syrup), which has been implicated in the onset of diabetes mellitus, induces excessive production of glyceraldehyde, a metabolite produced during glucose and fructose metabolism, in hepatocytes, neuronal cells, and cardiomyocytes.Main textToxic advanced glycation end-products (toxic AGEs, TAGE) are formed from reactions between glyceraldehyde and intracellular proteins, and their accumulation contributes to various cellular disorders. TAGE leakage from cells affects the surrounding cells and increases serum TAGE levels, promoting the onset and/or development of lifestyle-related diseases (LSRD). Therefore, serum TAGE levels have potential as a novel biomarker for predicting the onset and/or progression of LSRD, and minimizing the effects of TAGE might help to prevent the onset and/or progression of LSRD. Serum TAGE levels are closely related to LSRD associated with the excessive ingestion of sugar and/or dietary AGEs.ConclusionsThe TAGE theory is also expected to open new perspectives for research into numerous other diseases.
Highlights
Toxic advanced glycation end-products are formed from reactions between glyceraldehyde and intracellular proteins, and their accumulation contributes to various cellular disorders
We reported that the addition of toxic AGEs (TAGE) to hepatocytes increased insulin resistance (IR) and C-reactive protein levels [41, 42], while the expression levels of fibrotic markers, such as collagen type Iα2, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), were upregulated in hepatic stellate cells (HSC) [43]
Non‐B or non‐C (NBNC) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and rectal cancer We previously showed that NBNC-HCC patients had significantly higher serum TAGE levels (18.2 ± 5.4 U/mL) than non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients without HCC (10.4 ± 3.4 U/mL) and control subjects (7.0 ± 2.4 U/mL) [53]
Summary
Toxic advanced glycation end-products (toxic AGEs, TAGE) are formed from reactions between glyceraldehyde and intracellular proteins, and their accumulation contributes to various cellular disorders. TAGE leakage from cells affects the surrounding cells and increases serum TAGE levels, promoting the onset and/or development of lifestyle-related diseases (LSRD). Serum TAGE levels have potential as a novel biomarker for predicting the onset and/or progression of LSRD, and minimizing the effects of TAGE might help to prevent the onset and/or progression of LSRD. Serum TAGE levels are closely related to LSRD associated with the excessive ingestion of sugar and/or dietary AGEs
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