Abstract
Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) incorporating organic–inorganic compounds exhibit promising potential for future photovoltaic devices. One of the main obstacles to commercializing perovskite photovoltaic technology is oxygen and water-induced degradation in ambient conditions. Herein, we demonstrate a general approach to protect PSCs from water-induced degradation using electron-beam evaporated silicon dioxide (SiO2) barrier coating. A number of small (0.25 cm2) and large-area (2.0 cm2) PSCs have been fabricated to obtain statistically significant data. An optimal 1-μm thick SiO2 layer coated over RbCsMAFAPb(IBr)3-PSCs provided remarkable protection even after fully immersing the devices in a water-filled container. After immersing the PSC in water for 1 min, the device efficiency showed only a small reduction in efficiency from 14.3 % to 12.0 %, highlighting the excellent water protection offered by the barrier layer. We show that SiO2 barrier layers can improve the overall stability of the cells. Perovskite devices coated with 1 µm-SiO2 protective layers maintained more than 85 % of their initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) values after 2000 h in ambient storage. The devices coated with the optimum SiO2 layer thickness of 1 µm also showed excellent stability during outdoor sunlight testing for 2000 h, maintaining ∼ 80 % of their initial efficiency values.
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