Abstract
Real-time collaborative editing applications are drastically different from typical client–server applications in that every participant has a copy of the shared document. In this type of environment, each participant acts as both a client and a server replica. In this article, we elaborate on how to adapt Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) mechanisms to enhance the trustworthiness of such applications. It is apparent that traditional BFT algorithms cannot be used directly because it would dictate that all updates submitted by participants be applied sequentially, which would defeat the purpose of collaborative editing. The goal of this study is to design and implement an efficient BFT solution by exploiting the application semantics and by doing a threat analysis of these types of applications. Our solution can be considered as a form of optimistic BFT in that local states maintained by each participant may diverge temporarily. The states of the participants are made consistent with each other by a periodic synchronization mechanism.
Highlights
By collaborative editing, we mean that two or more participants work on a shared document concurrently via a network
Collaborative editing systems are desirable because they help increase the productivity for organizations and increase the convenience for employees
Our objective is to develop efficient Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) solutions for collaborative editing systems by using a combination of lightweight mechanisms and by employing traditional BFT algorithms only when they are needed
Summary
We mean that two or more participants work on a shared document concurrently via a network. Collaborative editing has been an active research area since the. Collaborative editing systems are desirable because they help increase the productivity for organizations and increase the convenience for employees. The increased popularity of real-time collaborative editing systems in recent years has inevitably elevated the trustworthiness expectation from their users. Real-time collaborative editors facilitate multiple participants to work on a shared document concurrently [8,9]. In order to achieve consistency and good response, the shared document and related data (such as membership) are replicated on all sites allowing any participant to edit the document at any time. Most common mechanisms for collaborative editing applications are based on Operational When two participants generate concurrent operations (O1, O2), the system has to ensure convergence to the best possible state.
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