Abstract
To analyze next-generation mobile networks properly, there is a need to define key performance indicators (KPIs). Testing signaling only or just partial domains of the network have been replaced with end-to-end testing methodologies. With the appearing of machine-to-machine (M2M) applications, this question became even harder, since there is no direct user feedback. Quality of experience cannot be measured accurately in M2M applications, even if the network operates correctly and without failures. There are dozens of new—but theoretical—use-cases for 5G; however, these are not tested on a live network. The modeling methodology used throughout the paper follows the steps of observation, analysis, model creation, implementation, and verification. The first part of the paper examines the three application-types: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), critical Internet of Things (cIoT), and mass Internet of Things (mIoT). Afterwards, we introduce the main traffic characteristics based on current mobile networks’ traffic patterns and measurements. Considering the measurement results, we introduce a methodology and define traffic models for the simulation of different application-types. To validate these models, we compare the generated artificial traffic with real traffic patterns. In the second part of the paper, we examine what the main effects of these traffic patterns on a domestic 5G test-network are. Finally, we suggest some considerations on the possible main impacts regarding 5G network design.
Highlights
Their rapid spread and popularity prove the success of cellular networks all around the world; advanced mobile networks are major components of the digital future
3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) TS22.261 [7] set the scene for a lot of use-cases, this current paper extends the perspective with real-life network measurement results on the 4G live network
We examine how the user experience is affected in the different use-case scenarios by varying background traffic on a live 5G test network
Summary
Their rapid spread and popularity prove the success of cellular networks all around the world; advanced mobile networks are major components of the digital future. Upcoming new opportunities have the potential to provide the uplift for mobile operator revenue. Mobile operators are pursuing new incremental revenue opportunities in content-, Internet of Things (IoT)-, and 5G-related use cases. The main metrics to gather from our measurements are the different kinds of delays related to 4G and 5G network traffic. This delay-focused approach allowed us that the bandwidth and throughput of the two connecting users did not have to change over time, which meant that there were no significant changes in relation to packet error rate or data loss in any of the scenarios. While the amount of packets or bytes in a flow does not provide sufficient information when defining the background traffic, the distribution of packet sizes and the total number of bytes are the important parameters in this respect
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