Abstract

Abstract Western Christianity has never been ignorant of religious diversity. Early Christianity had to make its way in the religiously pluralistic environment of late antiquity. During the medieval period, Islam put cultural and military pressure on European Christendom. And religious diversity has often been seen by Christians as an intellectual challenge to which a response must be made. Origen wrote contra Celsum to defend Christianity against pagan critique. Thomas Aquinas wrote contra gentiles to make the case for the rationality of Christian belief. So Western Christianity has never been without a philosophical problem of religious diversity of some sort.

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