Towards Sustainable Transportation: Identification of Development Challenges of TOD area in Jakarta Metropolitan Area Urban Railway Projects

Abstract

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) becomes one of sustainable transportation concepts that have been implemented around the world to overcome the transport problems in certain area. This paper aims to identify and to explain general challenges encountered by Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA) in the process of adopting TOD. The study is expected to explain the local context discourse and important elements of the TOD area development. The study utilizes a qualitative approach, by applying both primary and secondary sources. The primary data was obtained from in-depth interview in 4 (four) Focus Group Discussions (FGD) conducted from October 2017 to July 2018. The secondary data was acquired from literature reviews, institution reports, and existing policy review. The study observed 5 (five) TOD project currently developed by the private and public sector, such as TOD Dukuh Atas, TOD Ciracas, TOD Cikoko, TOD Pasar Senen, and TOD Tanjung Barat. It is found that the challenges of developing TOD in the case studies comprise 4 (four) important elements, such as regulation, planning and design of TOD, institutional issues, and funding. In this early stage of developing TOD, Indonesia, specifically JMA, still has ample in understanding the challenges of implementing TOD.