Abstract

Polymer-based film capacitors find widespread use in electronics and electrical systems, but the utilization of non-biodegradable dielectric materials contributes to excessive electronic waste. To address this issue, a biodegradable composite of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) was prepared and extensively characterized. HAp, as a filler, was synthesized via biomass-derived bone waste pyrolysis. The analyses confirmed successful HAp synthesis with high crystallinity and well-defined grain boundaries, which promote interfacial polarization and charge storage capability. The composite exhibited remarkable dielectric properties, with high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss, and good breakdown strength at low filler content. The PBAT/HAp-3 % composite showed significant energy storage density improvement (3.56 J/cm3), 43.55 % higher than pure PBAT (2.48 J/cm3), alongside enhanced mechanical properties and thermal stability. This study presents a cost-effective, eco-friendly route for next-generation high-performance disposable electronics.

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