Abstract
In this digital age, ports face stiff competition in global supply chain. Smart ports, as high performing ports, utilize information and communications technology (ICT) to provide a wide range of smart applications, resulting in vastly improved vessels and container management among others, which subsequently improve the competitiveness and sustainability of the national economy. While various novel solutions, such as information system and locating system, have been proposed to improve smart port activities, there are several key issues pertaining to ports and port operations that warrant specific attention, particularly greenhouse gases emission, which has accelerated to an alarming level. The urgent need to address such issues is lacking. This article aims to offer a review of the research literature on smart ports, including Internet of Things platform, greenhouse gases emission reduction, energy efficiency enhancement, and so on. The objective is to establish a foundation of existing research conducted on smart ports in order to motivate new research interests in this area. Open issues are also presented to foster new research initiatives on smart ports.
Highlights
With 80% of world trade being transported by sea [1], and the steady growth of 4% in international seaborne trade [2], the increased interest in developing a smart port ecosystem using information and communications technology (ICT) to handle port demands is evident
This article presents a review of the limited number of works on the application of information and communications technology (ICT) in smart ports and proceeds to discuss a number of open issues ripe for research
The enhancement of ICT can be explored and exploited to improve smart port activities and services, including smart vessel, container, and port management, in order to increase the competitiveness of the national economy
Summary
With 80% of world trade being transported by sea [1], and the steady growth of 4% in international seaborne trade [2], the increased interest in developing a smart port ecosystem using information and communications technology (ICT) to handle port demands is evident. While a review of the information systems for smart ports has been presented in [10], our article focuses on new areas of investigation in smart ports, including the use of Internet of Things (IoT) platform, techniques for greenhouse gases emission reduction, energy efficiency enhancement, and so on. This timely article explores various open issues, and it aspires to establish a foundation to spark research interests in this area.
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