Abstract
Abstract. Naturally, human beings freely navigate indoor space to outdoor space and optionally to another indoor space. However, currently available data models to represent space do not fully reflect this freedom and continuity of movement. These shortfalls hinder the development of location-based applications from aiding this navigation activity and affect the accuracy and optimality of route analysis. Existing models used for this purpose either represent indoor and outdoor space separately or use direct links that do not fully represent the freedom of movement and the complexity of urban areas. While these approaches use single-feature representations of the connection of these spaces through nodes for the building entrances, Transitional Spaces exist at these locations and must be represented accordingly in navigation networks. In this paper, we illustrate how currently defined IndoorGML concepts can be utilized for integrating indoor and outdoor navigation networks through the Transitional Spaces. We perform an experimental case using sample data to demonstrate the limitations of this model. From this, we discuss the developmental direction of the Anchor Node concept towards developing a model to fully represent navigation on an integrated indoor-outdoor network.
Highlights
As the world is starting to brace upon the onset of the fourth industrial revolution, cities have delved into arising technologies to resolve issues that come with rapid population growth and urbanization
Realizing digital twin models have been hindered by fragmented data sources and heterogeneous formats (Lu et al, 2020), and full mirroring of the physical world towards the virtual twin can only be achieved by unified models that integrate various components of the complex real world
The mere fact that a connecting approach has to be formulated emphasizes that the models are separately modeled. The results of these studies have shown that a certain degree of integration has been achieved through this method, it still lacks in achieving seamless navigation because the approach for connecting indoor and outdoor space is heavily reliant on the data used for each case and the connection is assumed to be as simple as the building entrances
Summary
As the world is starting to brace upon the onset of the fourth industrial revolution, cities have delved into arising technologies to resolve issues that come with rapid population growth and urbanization. Most studies that model the connection of indoor and outdoor navigable spaces use a link through the building entrance. While this approach is direct and straightforward, it disregards some spaces that may be present such as plazas or other large open spaces. We aim to illustrate how to integrate indoor and outdoor navigation network data through transitional spaces. We demonstrate how the connection of these spaces to identify limitations in representation, as well as opportunities for extending this concept for a complete representation of the transitional space to enable the connection of indoor and outdoor navigation networks. The last section summarizes and discusses future directions for this study
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