Abstract
Early detection of cancer is a key ingredient for saving many lives. Unfortunately, cancers of the urogenital system are difficult to detect at early stage. The existing noninvasive diagnostics of prostate cancer (PCa) suffer from low accuracy (< 70%) even at advanced stages. In an attempt to improve the accuracy, a small breath study of 63 volunteers representing three groups: (1) of 19 healthy, (2) 28 with PCa, (3) with 8 kidney cancer (KC) and 8 bladder cancer (BC) was performed. Ultrabroadband mid-infrared Fourier absorption spectroscopy revealed eight spectral ranges (SRs) that differentiate the groups. The resulting accuracies of supervised analyses exceeded 95% for four SRs in distinguishing (1) vs (2), three for (1) vs (3) and four SRs for (1) vs (2) + (3). The SRs were then attributed to volatile metabolites. Their origin and involvement in urogenital carcinogenesis are discussed.
Highlights
Detection of cancer is a key ingredient for saving many lives
The analyses presented here demonstrates that prostate cancer (PCa), kidney cancer (KC), bladder cancer (BC) have partially similar sensitive metabolites that differentiate them from healthy
There must be a common source of the corresponding metabolites concentrated in the urogenital system
Summary
Detection of cancer is a key ingredient for saving many lives. cancers of the urogenital system are difficult to detect at early stage. Several experimental tools are available or will become available soon for detecting cancer-sensitive metabolites in gas phase They include mass spectrometry, electronic nose and to a lesser extent, optical (mid-infrared) spectroscopy and near infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy. Electronic nose cannot be used for molecular identification and quantification[13], this tool is attractive because of small size Both tools were already applied for studying lung[14] and breast[15] cancers via breath, as well as BC6 and PCa7 via metabolites in urine headspace. Up to now, these tools as well as photoacoustic s pectroscopy[16] do not allow reaching the desirable detection accuracy
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