Abstract
This paper presents the advantages and opportunities for rapid preliminary intervention screening to enhance inclusion of green infrastructures in regional scale stormwater management. Stormwater flooding is widely recognised as a significant and worsening natural hazard across the globe; however, current management approaches aimed at the site scale do not adequately explore opportunities for integrated management at the regional scale at which decisions are made. This research addresses this gap through supporting the development of stormwater management strategies, including green infrastructure, at a regional scale. This is achieved through upscaling a modelling approach using a spatially explicit inundation model (CADDIES) coupled with an economic model of inundation loss (OpenProFIA) to support widescale evaluation of green infrastructure during the informative early-stage development of stormwater management strategies. This novel regional scale approach is demonstrated across a case study of the San Francisco Bay Area, spanning 8300 sq km. The main opportunity from this regional approach is to identify spatial and temporal trends which are used to inform regional planning and direct future detailed modelling efforts. The study highlights several limitations of the new method, suggesting it should be applied as part of a suite of landscape management approaches; however, highlights that it has the potential to complement existing stormwater management toolkits.
Highlights
Cities are facing unprecedented shocks from natural hazards, such as floods, droughts and heat-waves [1,2,3,4,5]
Need for action is evidenced through growth of international surface and storm water management agendas such as sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) [14], sponge cities [15], water sensitive urban design (WSUD) [5] and low impact development (LID) [16], to name a few [17]
To evaluate the change in flood extents resulting from increasing magnitude, Figure 3 presents peak flood depths during the 25, 100 and 1000-year return period events
Summary
Cities are facing unprecedented shocks from natural hazards, such as floods, droughts and heat-waves [1,2,3,4,5]. Managing environmental hazards is necessary and urgent to prevent major future disruption to social and economic functions in cities [8], but assessing and implementing management strategies at the regional scale is complicated and expensive, in the case of managing large conurbations. New approaches and methodologies are required for the effective future management of urban environments and mitigation of natural hazards [9]. Recent studies emphasise a need to manage stormwater flood hazards [1,2,10,11,12]. Stormwater flooding is a global issue, with many international government reports and academic studies emphasising the need for management strategies to be implemented [5,10,12,13]. Need for action is evidenced through growth of international surface and storm water management agendas such as sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) [14], sponge cities [15], water sensitive urban design (WSUD) [5] and low impact development (LID) [16], to name a few [17]
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