Abstract

While Blockchain technology is universally considered as a significant technology for the near future, some of its pillars are under a threat of another thriving technology, Quantum Computing. In this paper, we propose important safeguard measures against this threat by developing a framework of a quantum-secured, permissioned blockchain called Logicontract (LC). LC adopts a digital signature scheme based on Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) mechanisms and a vote-based consensus algorithm to achieve consensus on the blockchain. The main contribution of this paper is in the development of: (1) unconditionally secure signature scheme for LC which makes it immune to the attack of quantum computers; (2) scalable consensus protocol used by LC; (3) logic-based scripting language for the creation of smart contracts on LC; (4) quantum-resistant lottery protocol which illustrates the power and usage of LC.

Highlights

  • A blockchain is a distributed, transparent, and append-only ledger of cryptographically linked units of data, which incorporates mechanisms for achieving consensus over the blocks of data in a large decentralized network of agents who do not trust each other

  • For the signature scheme we propose a new scheme that we called the Toeplitz Group Signature (TGS), which is a combination of Toeplitz hash message authentication and a simplified variant of the signature scheme proposed by Amiri et al [23]

  • The first part of the evaluation of the LC Quantum Blockchain is a proof that all honest peers keep the same copy of the blockchain, which is a corollary of the following theorems

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Summary

Introduction

A blockchain is a distributed, transparent, and append-only ledger of cryptographically linked units of data (blocks), which incorporates mechanisms for achieving consensus over the blocks of data in a large decentralized network of agents who do not trust each other. As almost all existing blockchain implementations have very deep reliance on the public-key digital signatures and are used for the transfer of value, they are vulnerable to the attack of quantum computers. As it is pointed out by Fedorov et al [5], blockchain technology as we know it today, may founder unless it integrates quantum technologies. Using the unconditionally secure signature scheme and the scalable consensus protocol, we put forward a proposal for a new quantum-secured permissioned blockchain called Logicontract (LC).

Unconditionally Secure Signature
Toeplitz Hash Message Authentication Code
Toeplitz Group Signature
Quantum-Secured Consensus
The QSYAC Protocol
Correctness
Scalability
Security
Script Language and Smart Contracts for Logicontract
Application: A Lottery Protocol on Logicontract
Related Work
Conclusions and Future Work
Full Text
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