Abstract
Smart campuses and smart universities make use of IT infrastructure that is similar to the one required by smart cities, which take advantage of Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing solutions to monitor and actuate on the multiple systems of a university. As a consequence, smart campuses and universities need to provide connectivity to IoT nodes and gateways, and deploy architectures that allow for offering not only a good communications range through the latest wireless and wired technologies, but also reduced energy consumption to maximize IoT node battery life. In addition, such architectures have to consider the use of technologies like blockchain, which are able to deliver accountability, transparency, cyber-security and redundancy to the processes and data managed by a university. This article reviews the state of the start on the application of the latest key technologies for the development of smart campuses and universities. After defining the essential characteristics of a smart campus/university, the latest communications architectures and technologies are detailed and the most relevant smart campus deployments are analyzed. Moreover, the use of blockchain in higher education applications is studied. Therefore, this article provides useful guidelines to the university planners, IoT vendors and developers that will be responsible for creating the next generation of smart campuses and universities.
Highlights
Smart campuses and universities require an IT infrastructure similar to the one needed by smart cities, smart buildings, or smart homes, which make use of Internet of Things (IoT) solutions [1,2,3,4] to interact with the sensor and actuation systems of a university
Sci. 2019, 9, 4479 acres (33 km2 ) [7]. These figures mean that smart campuses should make use of specific long-distance communications infrastructure that provides indoor and outdoor connectivity to the deployed IoT
It must be first clarified that the term “smart campus” has been used in the past to refer to digital online platforms that manage university content [17,18] or to the set of techniques aimed at increasing university student smartness [19,20,21]
Summary
Smart campuses and universities require an IT infrastructure similar to the one needed by smart cities, smart buildings, or smart homes, which make use of Internet of Things (IoT) solutions [1,2,3,4] to interact with the sensor and actuation systems of a university. Sci. 2019, 9, 4479 acres (33 km2 ) [7] These figures mean that smart campuses should make use of specific long-distance communications infrastructure that provides indoor and outdoor connectivity to the deployed IoT gateways, sensors and actuators, while guaranteeing reduced energy consumption and optimized. As it has been previously mentioned, there are really large campuses, most of them are not as large as cities and, there are many urban universities with buildings inside a city Such a smaller size enables using certain communications technologies that do not need to reach very long distances.
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