Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm is gradually finding its way in virtually every industry; however, beyond adding more sensors and measuring and controlling previously inaccessible domains, it is also about transforming ‘legacy’ approaches to control systems, such as those used in Building Management Systems (BMS), by leveraging on the advantages brought by Cyber Physical Systems (CPS). The purpose of this paper is to address several issues gradually emerging in the process of applying the CPS and IoT paradigms to revolutionise BMS. The results of this on-going research aim to help avoid potential pitfalls and provide a sound platform for taking advantage of the benefits brought by this technology in a feasible, effective and controlled manner. More specifically, the paper will address i) the changing meaning of interoperability in the context of the explosion in the number of IoT devices, ii) the need for guidance in adopting sustainable CPS and IoT platforms supporting BMS, based on appropriate non-functional and viable systems principles, iii) emerging issues in the BMS ‘cloudification’ endeavour and iv) the lack of data sources’ correlation resulting in sub-optimal data quality and detail in using Big Data technologies to enable effective analytics for prompt BMS decision-making.
Highlights
The Internet of Things (IoT) (“the interconnection via the Internet of computing devices embedded in everyday objects, enabling them to send and receive data” [1]), is finding its way in virtually every industry, including the traditionally local, self-contained Building Management Systems (BMS)
Due to the complex and evolving interrelations among sensor feeds, rising level of intelligence embedded into the measurement and control components [11], the need to often manage clusters of buildings and progressively integrating cyber-physical features [13], generation BMS can be regarded as complex Systems of Systems (SoS)
Despite some opinions of the contrary [43], OODA is not a strict loop, due to the feedback links inside the high level ‘loop-like’ structure that are responsible for learning and for decisions about the kind of filters necessary. It is an activity network featuring rich information flows among the OODA activities and the environment, a very important aspect in view of the chosen BMS decisional scope and the current Big Data approaches tendency to disregard the context of collected data [44, 45]
Summary
The Internet of Things (IoT) (“the interconnection via the Internet of computing devices embedded in everyday objects, enabling them to send and receive data” [1]), is finding its way in virtually every industry, including the traditionally local, self-contained Building Management Systems (BMS). The paper firstly provides a brief review of the benefits brought by IoT in BMS and a description of the most significant problems that accompany this development. This is followed by the analysis of each issue found, together with guidance and principles on how to address it and find suitable solutions. This endeavour is performed at a level deemed to be unaffected by the rapid technological changes, so as to achieve stability of the proposed solutions.
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