Abstract
The participating nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are usually resource-constrained in terms of energy consumption, storage capacity, computational capability, and communication range. Energy is one of the major constraints which requires an efficient mechanism that takes into account the energy consumption of nodes to prolong the network lifetime. Particularly in the large scale heterogeneous WSNs, this challenge becomes more critical due to high data collection rate and increased number of transmissions. To this end, clustering is one of the most popular mechanisms which is being used to minimize the energy consumption of nodes and prolong the lifetime of the network. In this paper, therefore, we propose a robust clustering mechanism for energy optimization in heterogeneous WSNs. In the proposed scheme, nodes declare themselves as cluster head (CH) based on available resources such as residual energy, available storage and computational capability. The proposed scheme employs the multi criteria decision making technique named as Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) which allows the child nodes to select the optimal CH among several potential CH candidates. Moreover, we also propose mechanisms such as CH-acquaintanceship and CH-friendship in order to prolong the network lifetime. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme minimizes the control overhead, reduces the power consumption and enhances overall lifetime of the network by comparing with the most recent and relevant proposed protocol for WSNs.
Highlights
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have wide range of applications such as environmental monitoring [1], habitat monitoring [2], military applications [3], weather monitoring [4], smart grid [5], traffic monitoring [6] and forest fire detection [7] etc
The reason is that the sleep-wake energy-efficient distributed clustering algorithm (SEED) protocol only considered the residual energy in the cluster head (CH) declaration process and did not consider other available resources such as storage capacity, and computational capability
In case of SEED, the CH was selected based on residual energy only without considering the storage capacity and computational capability of a CH
Summary
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have wide range of applications such as environmental monitoring [1], habitat monitoring [2], military applications [3], weather monitoring [4], smart grid [5], traffic monitoring [6] and forest fire detection [7] etc. The efficiency of centralized algorithms may degrade in large scale WSNs, as collecting the entire network information at the sink node or base station may result in high energy consumption and brings on large delays. Most of the existing cluster-based schemes are developed for homogeneous networks [14] These schemes only consider homogeneous nodes in the network e.g., those nodes have identical resources such as residual energy, computational capability, and storage capacity. We propose an efficient CH declaration scheme to reduce the energy consumption of nodes and to prolong the network lifetime. The propose scheme provides a mechanism through which a node declares itself as a CH based on the available resources such as residual energy, computational capability, and available storage.
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