Abstract
Over recent decades, more and more cities worldwide have created semantic 3D city models of their built environments based on standards across multiple domains. 3D city models, which are often employed for a large range of tasks, go far beyond pure visualization. Due to different spatial scale requirements for planning and managing various built environments, integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) has emerged in recent years. Focus is now shifting to Precinct Information Modeling (PIM) which is in a more general sense to built-environment modeling. As scales change so do options to perform information modeling for different applications. How to implement data interoperability across these digital representations, therefore, becomes an emerging challenge. Moreover, with the growth of multi-source heterogeneous data consisting of semantic and varying 2D/3D spatial representations, data management becomes feasible for facilitating the development and deployment of PIM applications. How to use heterogeneous data in an integrating manner to further express PIM is an open and comprehensive topic. In this paper, we develop a semantic PIM based on multi-source heterogeneous data. Then, we tackle spatial data management problems in a Spatial Database Management System (SDBMS) solution for our defined unified model. Case studies on the University of New South Wales (UNSW) campus demonstrate the efficiency of our solution.
Highlights
Due to the strong expressive power of visual 3D city models, many real-world regions model 3D geometry and graphical characteristics, as well as spatial and semantic interrelationships as a semantic 3D city model
Precinct Information Modeling (PIM) as proposed in 2017 [10] was conceived as a digitally enabled information platform consisting of a set of standards and protocols that could harmonize and direct the fragmented activity involving urban modeling of large spatial and semantic datasets at the precinct scale
This paper presents a spatial Database Management System (DBMS) solution for the management of the integrated 3D city model at precinct scale that is based on multi-source heterogeneous data fusion
Summary
Due to the strong expressive power of visual 3D city models, many real-world regions model 3D geometry and graphical characteristics, as well as spatial and semantic interrelationships as a semantic 3D city model. With the proliferation of 3D city model applications [1], such as urban planning [2], environmental simulations [3], navigation [4], disaster management [5], and energy assessment [6], significant research efforts have been devoted to efficiently and effectively managing and analysing 3D city models that carry rich semantic and spatial information. Spatial Database Management System (SDBMS) is a promising field to support data fusion and semantic explorations to get a better understanding of the built environment [7]. Urban planning and design usually model GIS-BIM information at the precinct scale. Precinct Information Modeling (PIM) as proposed in 2017 [10] was conceived as a digitally enabled information platform consisting of a set of standards and protocols (including CityGML and IFC) that could harmonize and direct the fragmented activity involving urban modeling of large spatial and semantic datasets at the precinct scale. SDBMS extends the traditional relational database management system (RDBMS) by incorporating spatial data types and functions/operations on the supported data types in its data model [14]
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