Abstract
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have largely integrated all areas, including the military and civil fields. Their main limitation is their energy resources, which are very limited. Charging or replacing their batteries is often complicated or impossible, due to the high costs involved. The development of new approaches to energy management techniques for these autonomous systems has identified two strategic categories of energy management classification. The first category "Software" targets the development of algorithms for routing protocols to make transmissions smarter and more energy-efficient. The second category "Hardware", focused more on new energy recovery technologies, has drawn the attention of academicians and industrialists because they bring a new manner of energy storage with life extension performance. Furthermore, this category has inspired new ways of supporting WSN administered applications such as real-time processes. In this paper, we review different current sources of Energy Harvesting Technologies and Strategies with WSN (EHTS-WSN) and their various areas of applications. Our review provided a current analysis and future prospects for energy harvesting purposes in WSN. Hence, we propose that it would be required to ensure a compromise that combined the ''Software'' and ''Hardware'' designs of WSN in order to optimize energy consumption and therefore the lifetime of the network.
Highlights
The need for the spatial and temporal availability of information is a forerunner of the developments in terms of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), wireless communication technologies, and embedded systems
A second component for the ambient energy recovery ‘‘Energies Harvesters’’ with or without energy storage unit. This is an efficient conceptual configuration for energy storage, which aims at both the collection of ambient energy and the wireless recharging of batteries in different forms and scales. This allows these systems to be equipped with integrated intelligence and achieve Energy Neutral Operation (ENO), which means that the energy available in a sensor node must be greater than or equal to the total energy it would consume
These conditions improve the performance of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) in terms of energy autonomy, quality of service, increase the monitoring time, the reliability and availability of the system and lead significantly to increasing the lifespan of the sensor nodes while attenuating the constraints imposed on physical maintenance of the network
Summary
The need for the spatial and temporal availability of information is a forerunner of the developments in terms of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), wireless communication technologies, and embedded systems. There is a category called ''Hardware'' related to the material aspect like batteries (Alkaline, Lithium-ion, Ni-Cd, Ni-Mh, ...), supercapacitors (activated carbon, Manganese (Mn), Graphite, ruthenium oxide (RuO2), selected electrolyte, ...), dielectric materials, etc In this category, we find the new technologies of ambient energy recovery [4], [5], [6], [7], the appearance of another generation of Wireless Sensor Networks with Energy Recovery (WSNER). This is an efficient conceptual configuration for energy storage, which aims at both the collection of ambient energy and the wireless recharging of batteries in different forms and scales This allows these systems to be equipped with integrated intelligence and achieve Energy Neutral Operation (ENO), which means that the energy available in a sensor node must be greater than or equal to the total energy it would consume. These conditions improve the performance of WSN in terms of energy autonomy, quality of service, increase the monitoring time, the reliability and availability of the system and lead significantly to increasing the lifespan of the sensor nodes while attenuating the constraints imposed on physical maintenance of the network
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
