Towards healthier food choices for hospital staff and visitors: impacts of a healthy food and drink policy implemented at scale in Australia.

Abstract

To determine the impact of a healthy food and drink policy on hospital staff and visitors' food purchasing behaviours, and their awareness and support for the changes introduced. Two repeated cross-sectional surveys, consisting of intercept interviews and observations of food items purchased, were conducted before (March-July 2018) and after (April-June 2019) the target date for implementation of thirteen food and drink practices (31 December 2018). Food purchases were coded as 'Everyday' (healthy) or 'Occasional' (unhealthy). Ten randomly selected New South Wales public hospitals, collection sites including hospital entrances and thirteen hospital cafés/cafeterias. Surveys were completed by 4808 hospital staff and visitors (response rate 85 %). The majority were female (63 %), spoke English at home (85 %) and just over half had completed tertiary education (55 %). Significant increases from before to after the implementation target date were found for policy awareness (23 to 42 %; P < 0·0001) and support (89 to 92 %; P = 0·01). The proportion of 'Everyday' food purchases increased, but not significantly (56 to 59 %; P = 0·22); with significant heterogeneity between outlets (P = 0·0008). Overall, younger, non-tertiary-educated adults, visitors and those that spoke English at home were significantly less likely to purchase 'Everyday' food items. Support was also significantly lower in males. The findings provide evidence of strong policy support, an increasing awareness of related changes and a trend towards increased 'Everyday' food purchasing. Given the relatively early phase of policy implementation, and the complexity of individual food purchasing decisions, longer-term follow-up of purchasing behaviour is recommended following ongoing implementation efforts.