Abstract
Flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) with high stability and scalability are in high demand for the extremely widespread applications in flexible optoelectronic devices. Traditionally, thin films of indium thin oxide (ITO) served the role of FTEs, but film brittleness and scarcity of materials limit its further application. This review provides a summary of recent advances in emerging transparent electrodes and related flexible devices (e.g., touch panels, organic light-emitting diodes, sensors, supercapacitors, and solar cells). Mainly focusing on the FTEs based on carbon nanomaterials (e.g., carbon nanotubes and graphene) and metal materials (e.g., metal grid and metal nanowires), we discuss the fabrication techniques, the performance improvement, and the representative applications of these highly transparent and flexible electrodes. Finally, the challenges and prospects of flexible transparent electrodes will be summarized.
Highlights
As for Flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) based on conducting polymer, the flexibility is improved, low conductivity and T limit their optoelectronic performance, and stability in ambient
We provide a summary of recent advances in emerging FTEs and related flexible optoelectronic devices, mainly focusing on works reported in the past three years
Carbon-based nanomaterials and metallic nanomaterials are promising to replace the dominance of the transparent conductive oxides (TCO) films due to their superior performance, which will be the focus of our review
Summary
Flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) are essential components for numerous flexible optoelectronic devices due to their excellent capacity for transparency and flexibility, including organic light-emitting diodes [1,2,3,4,5,6], solar cells [7,8,9,10,11,12], touch panels [13,14], and wearable devices [15]. Potential alternative materials to TCO have been widely explored, including ultra-thin metallic film [21,22], carbon-based nanomaterials (e.g., carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [23,24], and graphene [25,26,27,28]), conducting polymer [29,30], and metallic materials As for FTEs based on conducting polymer, the flexibility is improved, low conductivity and T limit their optoelectronic performance, and stability in ambient. Carbon-based nanomaterials and metallic nanomaterials are promising to replace the dominance of the TCO films due to their superior performance, which will be the focus of our review. The challenges and prospects of the FTEs will eventually be summarized
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