Towards Efficient Distributed Collision Avoidance for Heterogeneous Mobile Robots

Abstract

We study the problem of distributed collision avoidance for mobile robotic systems, where a group of heterogeneous robots with different sizes and motion constraints avoid collisions with each other and static obstacles during the movements from their starting to goal locations. Existing methods mainly consider homogeneous robots and incur a high collision rate in environments with moving robots and static objects. Hence, we propose a distributed <underline xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</u> ollision <underline xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</u> voidance for <underline xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">heter</u> ogeneous mobile robots ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Heter-CA</i> ), which allows each robot to independently avoid collisions considering the heterogeneity of robots and varying static obstacles. In <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Heter-CA</i> , each robot predicts the trajectories of neighboring robots and estimates the varying size of static obstacles with the robots' range-finder sensors before motion planning, which enables each robot to avoid obstacles safely. Besides, we prove that <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Heter-CA</i> can guarantee collision-free movement between heterogeneous robots by satisfying sufficient conditions. We evaluate <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Heter-CA</i> in numerous simulated and real-world scenarios in which groups of heterogeneous robots perform navigation tasks. The experimental results demonstrate that <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Heter-CA</i> takes <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10\times$</tex-math></inline-formula> less computation time and achieves <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> less collision rate than baseline algorithms.