Abstract
Since Doi Moi (Reform) policy in 1986, Vietnam has experienced rapid urbanization and economic growth. Urbanization has resulted in increasingly high housing demand in the urban areas but this has largely unmet, especially housing for low-income people. Development of social housing for low-income and under-privileged people in cities has been seen as an urgent and important task of the government to pursue stable social and economic development. Low-income people are most vulnerable to environmental impacts and in need of energy-efficient houses to reduce their cost of living. Eco-social housing is seen as a solution to protect the natural environment as well as to boost local economy, improve living conditions particularly for low income people. Through preliminary assessments of three social buildings at three distinct regions of Vietnam, this paper found that despite many challenges, eco-social housing is a solution to Vietnam's needs in providing houses with adequate living conditions to low-income people while protecting the environment and achieving sustainable eco-social development in the long run.
Highlights
Over the past thirty years of the Doi Moi (Reform) policy, Vietnam has experienced a rapid growth and became an example of remarkable success after gradually giving up the centrally planned economy and integrating into the global market economy
Its economic development resulted in rapid urbanization since people flocking to cities for job and other opportunities
Can ecological design features and social houses get along to wards eco-affordable or eco-social housing for low-income people in Vietnam? Is there any green or ecological design already applied in existing practices of design and construction of social buildings in Vietnam? This paper aims to identify and analyze challenges and opportunities of eco-social housing through conducting preliminary assessment of three social buildings at three different large cities representing distinct climates of Vietnam: Hanoi, Nha Trang and Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC)
Summary
Over the past thirty years of the Doi Moi (Reform) policy, Vietnam has experienced a rapid growth and became an example of remarkable success after gradually giving up the centrally planned economy and integrating into the global market economy. Its economic development resulted in rapid urbanization since people flocking to cities for job and other opportunities. The average growth rate of the urban population in Vietnam is 3.5 percent per year since 2000[1]. Population and urbanization growth has resulted in high demand of housing in cities, especially in large cities such as Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). These are the two largest metropolitan areas, accounting for 50 percent of urban land in the country and in need of 244,000additional units each year [1]. A study by JLL Research in 2016 [2] indicates that nearly 94,000 completed apartments and 80,000 completed apartments are recently supplied for Hanoi and HCMC markets in 2016, respectively
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