Towards Conservation Models that Link Nature and Culture

Abstract

Biocultural landscapes and waterscapes are places of intersection, encompassing natural and cultural values in all of their dynamic processes and entangled dimensions. Adopting a (bio)cultural landscape approach to conservation requires us to search for new interdisciplinary, integrative and inclusive methods. However, a persistent divide between nature and culture is embedded in all aspects of conservation practice, including conceptual models, designations and institutional structures. At the same time, progress is being made in developing conservation models that link nature and culture, and that engage people in stewardship. Drawing on the experience of global and regional initiatives, this chapter reviews recent progress and trends in advancing more integrative approaches to landscape stewardship globally. It reflects on the emergence of biocultural diversity as a framing within the global conservation dialogue, and the evolution of the (bio)cultural landscape concept through actual designations on the ground. Progress in supporting community-led conservation has been paralleled by growing recognition of intangible cultural heritage, including traditional knowledge and the cultural and spiritual values of nature. Looking ahead, the potential for further progress towards more integrative models is emerging in many domains. These include the evolution of international conventions, the deepening of inter-institutional collaborations, the emergence of new areas of conservation practice, and the growing inclusion of diverse perspectives and worldviews, in particular those of Indigenous peoples.