Abstract
Long-Term Evolution in the Unlicensed Spectrum (LTE-U) is considered as an indispensable technology to mitigate the spectrum scarcity in wireless networks. Typical LTE transmissions are contention-free and centrally controlled by the Base Station (BS). However, the wireless networks that work in unlicensed bands use contention-based protocols for channel access, which raise the need to derive an efficient and fair coexistence mechanism among different radio access networks. In this paper, we propose a novel mechanism based on neural networks for the coexistence of an LTE-U BS in the unlicensed spectrum alongside with WiFi access points. Specifically, we model the problem in coexistence as a 2-Dimensions Hopfield Neural Network (2D-HNN) based optimization problem that aims to achieve fairness considering both the LTE-U data rate and the QoS requirements of WiFi networks. Using the energy function of 2D-HNNs, precise investigation of its minimization property can directly provide the solution of the optimization problem. Furthermore, the problem of allocating the unlicensed resources to LTE-U users is modeled as a 2D-HNN and its energy function is leveraged to allocate resources to LTE-U users based on their channel states. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm allows the LTE-U BS to work efficiently in the unlicensed spectrum while protecting the WiFi networks. Moreover, more than 90% fairness among the LTE-U users is achieved when allocating the unlicensed resources to LTE-U users based on the proposed algorithm.
Highlights
Since the past decade, mobile wireless traffic has increased unprecedentedly, wherein mobile video traffic is the dominant part
In this paper, we proposed a novel neural networks based mechanism to support the coexistence of an Long-Term Evolution (LTE) in the Unlicensed Spectrum (LTE-U) network in the unlicensed bands along with WiFi Access Points (WAPs)
We formulated the problem as an optimization problem that aims to achieve a fair coexistence considering both data rate and Quality of Service (QoS) of LTE-U and Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) based networks, respectively
Summary
Mobile wireless traffic has increased unprecedentedly, wherein mobile video traffic is the dominant part. The authors of [6] proposed an algorithm based on the LBT technique that allows an LTE network to share the unlicensed bands with WAPs. The algorithm aims to optimize the network energy considering both the bandwidth and power allocation. In [7], authors considered a coexistence algorithm that allows multiple cellular network operators to work in unlicensed bands along with WiFi networks. Wei et al [8] formulated the joint spectrum sharing and power control problem for vehicle-to-everything networks based on LTE-U technology They divided time domain into two periods referred as Content Free Period (CFP) and Content Period (CP). Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed mechanism allows both the LTE-U and WiFi networks to work harmoniously and efficiently and gives better performance compared to the LBT algorithm.
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