Abstract
This review critically summarizes the knowledge of imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensors for the detection of pesticides, metal ions and waterborne pathogenic bacteria, focusing on the last five years. MIP-based electrochemical sensors exhibit low limits of detection (LOD), high selectivity, high sensitivity and low cost. We put the emphasis on the design of imprinted polymers and their composites and coatings by radical polymerization, oxidative polymerization of conjugated monomers or sol-gel chemistry. Whilst most imprinted polymers are used in conjunction with differential pulse or square wave voltammetry for sensing organics and metal ions, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) appears as the chief technique for detecting bacteria or their corresponding proteins. Interestingly, bacteria could also be probed via their quorum sensing signaling molecules or flagella proteins. If much has been developed in the past decade with glassy carbon or gold electrodes, it is clear that carbon paste electrodes of imprinted polymers are more and more investigated due to their versatility. Shortlisted case studies were critically reviewed and discussed; clearly, a plethora of tricky strategies of designing selective electrochemical sensors are offered to “Imprinters”. We anticipate that this review will be of interest to experts and newcomers in the field who are paying time and effort combining electrochemical sensors with MIP technology.
Highlights
Human activities revolve around water, be it in industry, chemistry, agriculture or even for living
There are several ways to prepare molecularly imprinting polymers (MIPs)-based electrochemical sensors based on whole cell imprinting, surface imprinting, bacterial protein imprinting, quorum signaling molecules, spores or molecules that reflect the activity of the bacteria
We have summarized the recent developments of imprinted polymerbased electrochemical sensors
Summary
Human activities revolve around water, be it in industry, chemistry, agriculture or even for living. Water depollution is a major issue nowadays; in order to eliminate harmful substances, one needs to first characterize and quantify them in order to design appropriate pollutant removal methods, e.g., by adsorption, filtration or degradation In this sense, the detection of species needs to be accurate and selective. Sensitivity is certainly an important characteristic of sensors and could even be a more decisive parameter In this regard, bio-inspired molecularly imprinting polymers (MIPs) stand as excellent sensing materials. Bio-inspired molecularly imprinting polymers (MIPs) stand as excellent sensing materials They can be prepared in bulk or as thin layers on the electrode surface, could have high sensitivity by nanostructuration and last but not least they are selective by design.
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