Towards automatic forecasting of lung nodule diameter with tabular data and CT imaging

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Objective:This study aims to forecast the progression of lung cancer by estimating the future diameter of lung nodules. Methods:This approach uses as input the tabular data, axial images from tomography scans, and both data types, employing a ResNet50 model for image feature extraction and direct analysis of patient information for tabular data. The data are processed through a neural network before prediction. In the training phase, class weights are assigned based on the rarity of different types of nodules within the dataset, in alignment with nodule management guidelines. Results:Tabular data alone yielded the most accurate results, with a mean absolute deviation of 0.99 mm. For malignant nodules, the best performance, marked by a deviation of 2.82 mm, was achieved using tabular data applying Lung-RADS class weights during training. The tabular data results highlight the influence of using the initial nodule size as an input feature. These results surpass the literature reference of 348-day volume doubling time for malignant nodules. Conclusion:The developed predictive model is optimized for integration into a clinical workflow after detecting, segmenting, and classifying nodules. It provides accurate growth forecasts, establishing a more objective basis for determining follow-up intervals. Significance:With lung cancer’s low survival rates, the capacity for precise nodule growth prediction represents a significant breakthrough. This methodology promises to revolutionize patient care and management, enhancing the chances for early risk assessment and effective intervention.