Towards an ocean-based large ocean states country classification

Abstract

International development country classifications are important for achieving development goals by directing differential support to a group of countries facing common development constraints. The small island developing States (SIDS) classification is a widely used country classification supporting developing island nations. Some nations are now self-identifying as “large ocean states” (LOS), citing the central role of the ocean for their development. Here we show the need for a new ocean-based LOS country classification by highlighting important limitations of current classifications. We analyze this further by enumerating 15 nations self-identifying as LOS since 2001 in official UN statements, most often citing ocean-based economy, size of ocean territory, and vulnerability to climate change as evidence. An ocean-based LOS classification, which requires further research to fully define, would complement existing classifications by targeting countries that disproportionately rely on the ocean to achieve sustainable development priorities, including the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.