Towards an anticancer bioactive glass-Fe3O4/Pectin/Pectic oligosaccharide coatings for biomedical applications

Abstract

The aim of this study was to develop multi-functional bioactive glass-based coatings with anti-cancer properties for biomedical applications. These coatings were specifically designed for AISI 316 stainless steel substrates. The surface was initially coated with a first layer comprising a composite of iron oxide nanoparticles and 45S5 bioactive glass, which was deposited on the surface through electrophoretic deposition. Subsequently, a second layer, consisting of Pectin and Pectic oligosaccharide polymers, was applied onto the base layer using the immersion technique. Various analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, attenuated total reflectance fourier-transform infrared, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, specific loss power, and inductively coupled plasma, were employed to analyze the synthesized samples. In addition, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) tests, MCF-7 cell culture studies, and corrosion evaluations were also conducted. The vibrating sample magnetometry analyses revealed that the samples exhibited the highest saturation magnetization when synthesized using a Fe3O4 solution with a concentration of 0.5 g L−1. Specific Loss Power analysis indicated that a temperature of 42 °C could be attained within 175 s for the sample prepared under these conditions. The results demonstrated that all the coatings were found to possess hydrophilic surfaces. Examination of MCF-7 cell culture revealed that coatings with a pectic oligosaccharide top layer were found to exhibit remarkable cytotoxicity, leading to the destruction of up to 98.8 % of cancer cells within a two-hour exposure period at 48 °C.