Abstract
Several recent major power system blackouts are characterised by a progressive decline in voltage magnitude at the system buses. These events are termed ‘voltage collapses’. The mechanisms of voltage collapse are not well defined and the dynamics of the process are not well understood. In this paper, we described the loss of stability when a stable equilibrium point disappears in a saddle node bifurcation and present a simple model of the system dynamics after the bifurcation. The results apply generally to any generic one parameter dynamical system. Then we use these results to propose a model for voltage collapse in power systems. The model gives an explicit mechanism for the dynamics of voltage collapse. We illustrate the model by constructing a simple power system model and simulating a voltage collapse.
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