Abstract
Over the last 20 years, development in China hasfollowed a positive trend. However, the high energy consumption has impacted the environment negatively. About 239 cities fell short of the national air quality standard in 2017 and the groundwater fell from quality 31.9% to 10.9% in 2018. In this study, the use of solar PV and onshore wind turbines for electricity generation in a particular area in China is analyzed. The integration of hydrogen production and Electric Vehicles (EVs) into the energy mix is dynamically modeled.Three storage mechanisms namely; vehicle-to-grid (V2G), V2G + batteries, and V2G + pumped hydro storage wasconsidered. EnergyPLAN computer program is used to perform a dynamic simulation in this research to analyze the potential carbon emission reduction of the proposed methodology. The optimal PV and on-shore wind turbine capacity required for a 1 TWh/yr electricity demand and 0.02 TW/yr EVs charge demand is 400 MW and 350 MW respectively. The storage capacities are 30 GWh of V2G, 55 GWh of V2G + Batteries, and 60 GWh of V2G + pumped hydro storage with various charge/discharge hourly profiles. The proposed methodology in this research will reduce the yearly coal consumption by 495.3 kton and yearly carbon emission by 368.2 kton.
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