Abstract
In 2015, the so-called “migrant crisis” became a major international issue that has since affected the immigration policies and national asylum systems of dozens of countries all over the world. Against the background of a global economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and renewed mass migration movements in Central America and across the Mediterranean Sea, better understanding the impact of the 2015-2016 mass migration movements on various countries’ migration policies and legislation might prove useful to better anticipate policy and legislative changes in the near future. First, this paper uses global descriptive statistics and trends in legal reform and deportation policies towards asylum seekers and refugees to highlight a specific pattern that has been observed among energy exporting rentier states: between 2015-2017, most hydrocarbons-exporting rentier states, while remaining open to economically vital inflows of temporary migrant workers, adapted their legislation to make it particularly restrictive towards asylum seekers. More precisely, we found a perfect correlation (100%) between being a high-income hydrocarbon-exporting rentier state and having restrictive legislation and/or strong deportation policies towards asylum seekers and undocumented migrants as of late 2017. This observation cannot satisfactorily be correlated with all countries that have high standards of living. Only a minority (30%) of high-income but non-rentier states classified as having similarly restrictive legislative regimes for asylum seekers and refugees. The rentier states in the Arabian Gulf and Central Asian regions, which confirmed these global observations, were more deeply analyzed and showed that, in rupture with their past tradition of hosting significant refugee populations, a form of new – and more restrictive – rentier state migration model has been emerging following the dramatic increase in refugee flows since 2015.
Highlights
Palavras-chave Requerentes de Asilo; Ásia Central; GCC; Europa; Fluxos de Refugiados; Política de Migração; Preços do Petróleo; Estados Rentistas
A nossa análise mostra que, na sequência do rápido aumento dos fluxos de refugiados em 2015, os Estados rentistas em todo o mundo adotaram políticas e regulamentos de porta fechada para os refugiados e requerentes de asilo, com apenas algumas exceções, como o Irão e a Indonésia
Qatar’s Legal Framework of Migration, Explanatory Note No 2/2016, GLMM, http://gulfmigration.eu/media/pubs/exno/GLMM_EN_2016_01.pdf.pdf
Summary
Os Estados rentistas são geralmente definidos como Estados que recebem a maior parte das suas receitas do estrangeiro, numa base regular, para a exploração de um recurso nacional. Demonstramos neste documento que a maioria dos Estados rentistas tem leis restritivas (ou outras barreiras, tais como condições de entrada difíceis) em relação aos refugiados e requerentes de asilo, não por falta de recursos para os ajudar, mas as suas estruturas económicas baseiam-se na importação de mão de obra principalmente pouco qualificada e de baixo custo, numa base temporária. Apesar dos regimes de migração relativamente restritivos, os estados rentistas, especialmente os estados do Golfo Arábico, continuam a ser atores importantes nos fluxos migratórios internacionais, devido ao número crescente de migrantes que recebem. − Com base na abordagem utilizada pelos dados da DEMIG3, identificamos a capacidade restritiva da legislação relacionada com a migração ao longo do tempo
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
