Abstract
Highly automated vehicles are increasingly gaining the public’s attention. To achieve broad acceptance for the deployment of such vehicles, it is necessary to ensure their functionality and safety. One approach that has become popular in research is the scenario-based approach. However, manual testing of such complex systems is impractical and time-consuming. Using simulations to run and evaluate such scenarios appears to be the most viable approach. This, in turn, raises new challenges, especially in modeling the scenarios to be tested simulatively and incorporating the system under test as part of these. Since existing solutions do not solve these challenges satisfactorily—due to the strict separation of scenario and simulation model, among other reasons—this work addresses the need for a standardized, holistic, and extensible approach for modeling traffic scenarios to be executed simulatively. Requirements for such an approach are identified with focus on its application in simulation- and scenario-based verification and validation. Based on these, a model-based multi-layered approach is proposed. The foundations of this are then implemented utilizing a Meta Object Facility based heavyweight extension of the Unified Modeling Language metamodel. The resulting metamodel is used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach by modeling a maritime traffic scenario.
Highlights
The research and development of highly automated and autonomous vehicles has made more progress in recent years than ever before
The models and meta-models developed and presented here do not claim to be exhaustive or production-ready by any means, much more this work represents a thought-provoking impulse for a new approach to the modeling of traffic scenarios that are to be simulated in the context of validation and verification (V&V), and a possible direction of development for subsequent work
The importance of V&V in the development of automated and autonomous traffic systems was presented, and requirements for the corresponding scenario modeling were thoroughly elaborated based on common processes
Summary
The research and development of highly automated and autonomous vehicles has made more progress in recent years than ever before. In this context, the automotive domain has a prominent position. Organization (IMO) [3], the proof of their safety is very important, since it is primarily through this that public acceptance of highly automated traffic systems can be achieved, as a study of the German and US print media has shown [4]. The corresponding degree of autonomy in terms of the automotive domain is SAE Level 3 and higher [5], for which new quality standards and test methods have already been developed and proposed, within the German research project PEGASUS [6], among others
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