Abstract
Different classes of primary afferents from semicircular canal and otolith organs project to the vestibular nuclei, but do not follow a topographic representation as seen for other sense organs. Second-order vestibular neurons give rise to different pathways that serve gaze and body stabilization during active and passive head motion or self-motion perception and spatial orientation. These projections originate in specific genetically determined hindbrain segments and are defined by their motor or premotor targets, an organization that appears to be preserved throughout vertebrate evolution.
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