Abstract
Expanding upon a cyclical view of world history of the kind first propounded by Hegel and subsequently elaborated by Marx, Auguste Comte and others, McBeath traced the evolution of technologies through three progressive stages. Stage I was typified by the invention of the wheel, musclepower and cottage industry; Stage II by motor, machine power and mechanisation; Stage III by jet propulsion, electronic controls and automation. In general, these three stages corresponded to those commonly referred to as agricultural, industrial and technological. A similar process of evolution, he argued, was discernible in the educational field. During Stage I formal schooling was rigidly organised on the basis of class teaching, always with the teacher-instructor firmly in control and the pupils in a submissive, more or less passive role. Stage II saw the introduction of rather more flexible small group teaching, while in Stage III the. accent shifted to include independent study with the teacher receding more and more i...
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