Towards a culturally appropriate trauma assessment in a South African Zulu community.

Abstract

To develop a culture specific screening tool for trauma, and to determine whether it would significantly increase the probability of eliciting traumatic events and associated symptoms when added to a Western diagnostic tool for trauma. A convenience sample of 1 hundred Zulu speaking volunteers was recruited in the North-Eastern KwaZulu-Natal region of South Africa. A demographic questionnaire, the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) section of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders, Axis I, Research Version (SCID-I RV), and a Zulu Culture-Specific Trauma Experience Questionnaire (Z-CTEQ) designed for this study were administered to the participants. As measured by the SCID-I RV, the rates of exposure to traumatic events as well as the lifetime prevalence of PTSD were relatively high, at 32% and 24%, respectively. The use of the 10-item Z-CTEQ, when added to the SCID, increased the rate at which traumatic events were elicited by 19.4%. The additional traumatic events elicited were culture-specific in nature and were significantly associated with PTSD (p < .0001). The Z-CTEQ also elicited culture-specific attributions for traumatic events, which could prove beneficial for therapeutic interventions. The Z-CTEQ was found to have acceptable internal reliability, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.78. The construct and discriminant validity of the Z-CTEQ were supported by several significant correlations between the SCID and the Z-CTEQ and between the additional traumatic events elicited and PTSD. Despite some identified limitations, our findings suggest that the Z-CTEQ can enhance the assessment and management of trauma in the study population. (PsycINFO Database Record