Abstract
Advances in computing and AI technology have promoted the development of connected health systems, indirectly influencing approaches to cataract treatment. In addition, thanks to the development of methods for cataract detection and grading using different imaging modalities, ophthalmologists can make diagnoses with significant objectivity. This paper aims to review the development and limitations of published methods for cataract detection and grading using different imaging modalities. Over the years, the proposed methods have shown significant improvement and reasonable effort towards automated cataract detection and grading systems that utilise various imaging modalities, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus, and slit-lamp images. However, more robust and fully automated cataract detection and grading systems are still needed. In addition, imaging modalities such as fundus, slit-lamps, and OCT images require medical equipment that is expensive and not portable. Therefore, the use of digital images from a smartphone as the future of cataract screening tools could be a practical and helpful solution for ophthalmologists, especially in rural areas with limited healthcare facilities.
Highlights
IntroductionOcular diseases affecting the anterior segment of the eye are the leading cause of ocular morbidity
Cataracts are anterior segment ocular illnesses characterized by a decrease in lens transparency owing to lens opacification, which can result in vision impairment or blindness
Significant progress has been made over the years in developing automated cataract detection and grading systems that utilise four distinct imaging modalities: optical coherence tomography (OCT) images, fundus images, slit-lamp images, and digital camera images
Summary
Ocular diseases affecting the anterior segment of the eye are the leading cause of ocular morbidity These include dry eye conditions, infections, traumas of various types, inflammatory reactions, hereditary disorders, and cataracts. According to the systematic review and meta-analysis by Flaxman et al [2], cataracts are one of the leading causes of moderate or severe vision impairment in the global population, with a total of 52.6 million people affected in 2015. They are one of the leading causes of blindness affecting a total of
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